Role of Optical Coherent Tomography in Evaluation of Diabetic Macular Edema

Abstract

Purpose: To study the different optical coherence tomographic (OCT) patterns of diabetic macular edema, seen in Pakistani diabetic population so that each case can be treated accordingly. Study Design: Descriptive, Observational study. Settings: Ophthalmology departments of Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College Faisalabad andMayoHospital, King Edward Medical University Lahore from April 2011 to October 2011. Materials And Methods: One hundred and eighty (180) eyes of ninety five (95) patients were studied. All patients had diabetic macular edema and decreased visual acuity in one or both eyes. Fifty five (57.99%) were male and forty (42.11%) were female patients from 31 to 85 years of age with an average of 52.70 years. An OCT was done of each eye to see the structural changes of macula with RTVue 100-2 machine having axial resolution of five microns. Results: Six different optical coherence tomographic patterns were seen. Diffuse retinal thickening was seen in all 180 (100%) eyes, cystoid macular edema in 109 (60.55%), sub retinal fluid in 40 (22.22%), epiretinal membrane in 18 (10%), vitreomacular traction in 10 (5.55%) and taut posterior hyaloid membrane in 4 (2.22%) eyes. Conclusion: OCT is an important tool for evaluation of diabetic macular edema. It provides extremely useful information about the cause of macular edema. So the appropriate intervention, whether medical or surgical, can be done.