Efficacy of Worth 4 Dot Test and Vertical prism dissociation Test in Screening of Amblyopia for School Going Children.

Abstract

Introduction: Amblyopia is reduction of best corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes that cannot exclusively be attributed to structural abnormality of the eye. It can be better treated if diagnosed early in life. Fixation preference is assessed in Vertical prism dissociation test (VPDT) to predict amblyopia while in Worth 4 dot test (W4DT) degree of suppression is detected which tell us the presence of amblyopia.

Objective: The objectives of this study were mainly, to assess the efficacy of Worth 4 dot test and Vertical prism dissociation test in screening of amblyopia in School going children and to screen the prevalence of amblyopia.

Methods: It was a Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 at three Government Schools of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Non-probability random sampling Technique was used to screen out 400 subjects. All subjects were equally screened out with the help of VPDT and W4D test. Data was analyzed through chi-square and cross tabulation by using SPSS software version 20. Both VPD test and W4D test were performed in which fixation pattern and suppression were documented on self-designed proforma.

Results: There was a good agreement between qualitative measures of fixation pattern with VPDT and suppression with W4DT for the clinical determination of amblyopia (p < 0.005).

Conclusion: This study concluded that the prevalence of amblyopia was 8% in school going children and there was significant relationship in success rates and reliability of vertical prism dissociation test and worth four dot test in screening of amblyopia (p=0.00).